Establishment Of Management System Research Articles

Conducting the energy analysis as a component of the energy management system of higher education institutions

Conducting the energy analysis as a component of the energy management system of higher education institutions

Innovation Capacity in the Management System of Islamic Boarding School Education Institutions : Quality Test of Instruments through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

This study aims to test the validity and reliability of instruments measuring the variable of innovation capacity in the management system of Islamic boarding school education institutions in Jambi City. This research method employed a cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. The sample size for this study consisted of 162 teachers (Ustad/Ustadzah) in Islamic boarding school education institutions. Quantitative data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SPSS 23 and AMOS 18. The results of this study indicated that EFA identified five factor structures to construct the dimensions of Innovation Capacity (IC), namely Opportunity Exploration (OE), Idea Sustainability (IS), Idea Introduction (II), Idea Emergence (IE), and Idea Realization (IR). Meanwhile, these findings were verified and confirmed by CFA regarding the factorial validity analysis of the Innovation Capacity dimension from the EFA testing results. This study suggests that future innovation capacity instruments require further adjustment to enhance the level of reliability and the ability to explain differences related to the measured constructs within different contexts, cultures, and conditions.

Application of Blockchain for Secure Real Estate Management Systems

Real estate management systems are crucial for efficiently handling property transactions, ownership records, and regulatory compliance in the real estate industry. However, traditional real estate management systems face challenges related to security, transparency, and trustworthiness, leading to issues such as fraud, disputes, and inefficiencies. This paper explores the application of blockchain for secure real estate management systems, focusing on its potential benefits, implementation challenges, and use cases. Smart contracts have a superb advantage for avoiding fraud cases and instilling behaviour among the stakeholders of the system. We examine how blockchain can enhance security, streamline processes, reduce fraud, and improve trust in real estate transactions by providing a decentralized and tamper-proof platform for recording and verifying property ownership, contracts, and transactions. Additionally, we discuss the technical considerations, regulatory implications, and adoption barriers associated with implementing blockchain-based real estate management systems. This paper advocates a trustful mechanism for securing online transactions in the modern-day real estate marketplace.

Implementation of a Real Estate Management System using Photogrammetry Method Allowing 3d Navigation of Buildings

The objective of this study is to evaluate how the use of virtual representations of buildings, created through photogrammetry, can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the real estate management system. In this regard, investigations have been conducted with stakeholders in the real estate sector, such as real estate agencies and tenants, to gather valuable information on real estate management. For illustration purposes, we have chosen to model the NASPW gymnasium. We have implemented a real estate management approach based on the photogrammetry method. To achieve our objective, we describe each step of the process, from the preparation of the photogrammetric mission (planning and simulating the mission) to data acquisition, carried out using a Phantom 4 Pro drone for aerial images and a Nikon D300 digital camera for interior shots. The data processing phase is also crucial, and it was done using the Agisoft Metashape software. We provide detailed explanations of the different steps in this process, which include image quality estimation, image alignment, georeferencing, dense point cloud generation, 3D mesh creation, and orthophoto generation.

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ БЛОКЧЕЙН-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У СИСТЕМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

The article is devoted to the topical issue of applying blockchain technologies in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions. The authors emphasize the importance of using secure technologies that will prevent hacking communities from accessing confidential personal data, especially in the medical field, where comprehensive information about most citizens is concentrated.
 Despite the significant advantages of blockchain, this technology has been sporadically implemented in Ukraine, particularly in the medical sphere. Most scientific works focus on the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain in other industries, while its applications in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions are insufficiently covered.
 The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of using blockchain technology in the personnel management system of medical institutions. The article identifies several areas of blockchain application in personnel management of medical facilities: forming a database of patients assigned to specific medical professionals, creating databases of medical achievements, systematizing information about advanced medical practices, managing databases on the professional development of medical staff, optimizing internal communication systems, and improving decision-making algorithms. The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of using blockchain in this area are discussed in detail. The risks of implementing the technology in wartime conditions are analyzed separately.
 The introduction of blockchain in managing the personnel potential of medical institutions is a promising direction, which will contribute to the consolidation of data on the professional career development of medical staff, optimization of internal communication systems, improvement of managerial decision-making, and more. The further prospect of using this technology requires the development of effective algorithms for its implementation, taking into account possible risks and challenges.

Research on Reform Measures of Labor Wage Statistics

Under the background of the continuous development of our country's market economy system, the internal personnel system of public institutions has also undergone obvious changes. In combination with the actual situation, labor wage statistics is an important part of the internal personnel management system of public institutions in nature, and its statistical quality will have a very direct impact on the overall operation efficiency of public institutions. Based on this, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the status quo and reform measures of labor wage statistics in public institutions, hoping to play a certain role in the development of relevant work. With the deepening of economic and cultural integration, the scope of wushu culture industry is more and more extensive. Factors such as the degree of association and quality among industries are affected by the external ecosystem and change with the change of industry content. The external ecosystem is composed of talent flow, knowledge flow, capital flow, information flow and material flow, which can be divided into four levels. The first is the talent system, which is the key factor for the sustainable development of the martial arts cultural industry.

Improving the risk management process in quality management systems of higher education

The purpose of this paper is to improve the risk management process in the quality management system of higher education, taking into account the hazardous factors that increase the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences of undesirable events, as well as favorable factors that reduce the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences of hazardous events. The basis of risk management in the quality management systems of higher education institutions is the “Bowtie” method, which involves six main steps of identifying inconsistency, determining the impact of hazardous and favorable factors according to the impact group, ranking hazardous and favorable factors, calculating risk, substantiating precautionary measures and checking calculations. To rank hazardous and favorable factors, the authors used the “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation” method (hereinafter—DE-MATEL), which is based on paired comparison and decision-making tools based on graph theory. An improved process is proposed for risk assessment, which differs from the known ones by the presence of the identification of the cause-and-effect relationship “hazard (inconsistency)-hazardous event-consequences”, identification of hazardous and favorable factors of the internal and external environment that affect the probability and/or the degree of severity of a hazardous event—the appearance of an inconsistency, which is carried out after the inconsistency has been determined; determination of causal hazardous and favorable factors by an acceptable method. Registers of inconsistencies (hazards), hazardous and favorable factors have been developed and proposed based on the requirements for accreditation of educational programs and the international standard ISO 9001:2015, which will allow, based on a risk-oriented approach, to provide a basis for setting the goals of a higher education institution under martial law in order to guarantee effective implementation of the mission and strategy. They are proposed for decision-making in the quality management systems of educational organizations on the substantiation of precautionary or corrective measures based on ranking the risks from identified inconsistencies, which are determined taking into account the impact of the entire set of identified significant hazardous and favorable factors. The value of this paper is to improve the quality risk management process in educational organizations, taking into account the impact of hazardous and favorable factors, and to develop an appropriate step-by-step algorithm of actions and a risk assessment form.

Digitalization and the management system of institutions in the sphere of public administration

Subject. The article addresses the management system of institutions in the public administration sector that were transformed into budgetary and autonomous under the organizational and legal reform. Objectives. The purpose is to investigate the influence of digital technologies on the management system of budgetary and autonomous institutions functioning in conditions of granting certain powers for self-regulation and self-sufficiency to the management of these institutions at the third stage of budgetary reform. Methods. The study employs universal methods of scientific knowledge, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, and methods of modeling, induction, and deduction. Results. As a result of granting certain powers, the management of the said institutions is actively introducing digital technologies. At the same time, the chief budget funds managers, to which these institutions are subordinate, restrict their participation only by assessment of performance indicators of the heads of institutions that include indicators for achieving quantitative digitalization results. The heads of budgetary and autonomous institutions, on the one hand, strive to achieve maximum targets, and this requires serious financial costs. On the other hand, they are placed in rather limited financial conditions of self-sufficiency, and, in the absence of freedom to choose sources of funds, they are forced to take austerity measures, as staff redundancy. In these circumstances, the most affected party is the institution's management system, which is actually collapsing. Conclusions. The main managers should develop a unified policy of functioning and development, including digital, for subordinate institutions, based on their provision with material, technical and financial resources. This obligation must be enshrined in law.

“GREEN FINANCE” IN THE PARADIGM OF SUSTAINABLE BANKING DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The concept of sustainable development, which has been recognized by the UN and all countries of the world over the past 30-40 years, has become the consensus official paradigm of the world economy in the 21st century. The changed paradigm of the global economy, the foundation of which became the "Goals of sustainable development, the climate agenda and ESG – the transition created a new mega trend of the financial industry – “sustainable finance or finance of new quality”. “Green finance” is considered as a strategic direction of sustainable financing. The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical and practical conceptual approaches to the definitions of “green economy” and “green finance” in the new paradigm of the global economy, as well as their use in the sustainable investment development of Ukrainian economy. Results. Key initiatives in the field of sustainable development, as well as conceptual approaches to the definitions of "green economy" and "green finance" are considered. Focused attention on the concept of sustainable finance, the trend of which foresees a revolutionary approach from the classical paradigm of finance to a new paradigm. Financing instruments and mechanisms, such as green bonds, credits and loans, which are not fundamentally new in technical terms, but contain an ecological component, have been analyzed. It is argued that the concept of sustainable development finance acquires both theoretical justification and practical confirmation in the academic discourse. The NBU strategic approaches to the construction and development of sustainable financing, taking into account ESG factors in the European integration vector of Ukraine were studied. Conclusions. It is justified that the paradigm of sustainable finance should be considered in an inextricable relationship with the notions of sustainable development and sustainable investment, which is correlated with the achievement of sustainable development goals. In further scientific research, it is necessary to pay special attention to the key principles of the development of sustainable financing in Ukraine, especially the implementation of environmental, social and managerial (ESG) factors, which will become mandatory elements of the corporate management systems of financial institutions.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ СФЕРИ ГОСТИННОСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

Strategic management in the hotel and restaurant business faces unique challenges during martial law. Exceptional circumstances characterized by instability and security problems require a strategic approach that would take into account the peculiarities of the current situation. Primary among these considerations is the need to assess the risks and threats associated with martial law, leading to the formulation of strategies that prioritize security and resource conservation. Given the constraints imposed by emergency circumstances, the development of contingency plans and future scenarios is crucial. The aim of the study is to analyze the effective system of strategic management of hospitality industry enterprises in the context of modern challenges and dynamic changes in the global economic environment. To solve the tasks set in the work, various research methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, comprehensive analysis, comparative economic analysis, and the method of description. The practical significance of the results obtained is the formulation of practical recommendations that can be applied to the HoReCa enterprise. These proposals are designed to strengthen the strategic management systems of institutions, which will ultimately contribute to the improvement and increase the efficiency of their activities in the future. The study identifies key challenges and opportunities affecting the hospitality industry in Ukraine under martial law and post-COVID reality. New trends in the management system of accommodation facilities have been characterized, including changes in approaches to strategic management. The impact of socio-economic transformations on demand and supply in the hotel business has been analyzed, with particular attention focused on the western regions of Ukraine adapting to domestic tourism. The main strategic approaches and management models that can contribute to the effective development of hospitality enterprises under new conditions have been grouped, and recommendations for the implementation of management strategies to ensure their stability and growth have been developed.

MODELS FOR PREDICTING THE RISK OF DISSATISFACTION OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS-FAMILY DOCTORS WITH WORK IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS

The aim of the study was to determine the model for predicting the risk of dissatisfaction of general practitioners (GPs) with their work in primary health care centers based on the results of a questionnaire.
 Materials and methods. A survey of 89 GPs was conducted using a questionnaire to determine job satisfaction. Each question of the questionnaire was evaluated by the respondents on the Likert total ratings on a 5-point scale. Job satisfaction was assessed at 4 and 5 points, dissatisfaction at 1-3 points.
 The logistic regression analysis was used to build a model for risk prediction of GPs’ job dissatisfaction. To assess the degree of each factor influence in the logistic regression model, the odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % CI (confidence interval) were calculated. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to assess the quality of the logistic regression model. The analysis of the research results was carried out using the license package the statistical analysis package MedCalc v.19.4.1 (MedCalc Software Inc, Broekstraat, Belgium, 1993-2020).
 The results show that 76.06 % of GPs are satisfied with their work. The vast majority are satisfied with the attitude of the management staff, fellow GPs, patients, opportunities of professional development and advanced training, work schedule, working conditions, and team spirit. At the same time, more than half of GPs (54.92 %) are dissatisfied with the comfort of business relations with other subspecialists, 36.61 % of doctors are dissatisfied with the salary, 40.84 % believe that the salary does not correspond to the efforts made, and 45.07 % think that additional financial compensation does not affect the quality of medical care provided. The method of stepwise inclusion/exclusion of variables was used to select a set of features for the multivariate logistic regression model. As a result of this method, 2 factors were selected: a sense of pride in work and working conditions. We established that the more a GP is proud of his chosen specialty and the better working conditions he has, the less dissatisfied he feels with his work. We determined the sensitivity of the model as 76.5 % (95 % CI: 50.1 % – 93.2 %), the specificity as 85.2 % (95 % CI: 72.9 % – 93.4 %), and the diagnostic accuracy as 83.1 % (CI: 72.3 % – 91 %).
 Conclusions. In the personnel management system of health care institutions, it is necessary to consider many different factors of GPs’ satisfaction with their work, including salaries, relationships with colleagues, patients, the opportunities of professional development, the attitude of management staff, a sense of respect, and working conditions. Forecasting the risk of GPs’ dissatisfaction with their work must be carried out taking into account the presence of doctors’ subjective sense of pride in their work and working conditions.

Peranan Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan Perdesaan Swadaya (P4S) dalam Pemberdayaan Petani di Kabupaten Lampung Timur

The role of the Independent Agricultural and Rural Training Center (P4S) is to conduct training and assistance for people who want to learn in the field of superior farming developed by each P4S Institution. P4S has an important role in empowering farmers by providing technical knowledge, access to markets and financial support. The role of P4S is inseparable from internal and external factors of the Institution, so this study aims to determine the factors related to the role of P4S in East Lampung Regency. Internal factors of the Institution are the system of institutional governance, cooperation and partnership, institutional capacity, and management of the Institution. External factors of the Institution are the number of assisted farmers and the reward system. The research was conducted from October to November 2022. The respondents in this study were 70 people who helped farmers assisted by P4S in East Lampung Regency. Data was collected through interview techniques with semi-structured questionnaires—data analysis using path analysis PLS (Partial Least Square) with SmartPLS. The results of this study show that the institutional governance system, institutional capacity, institutional management, and reward system are related to the role of P4S in East Lampung Regency. Institutional governance system, cooperation, and partnerships, the role of P4S associated with the level of empowerment of assisted farmers P4S in East Lampung Regency. Institutional governance system related to direct and indirect empowerment of assisted farmers through the role of P4S in East Lampung Regency. The Institution's governance system was found to be the most important factor related to the role of P4S. A good institutional governance system can help P4S become more effective and efficient in providing training, counselling and assistance to farmers.

The Methodology for Assessing the Applicability of CSR into Supplier Management Systems

The implementation of management systems has become a strategic advantage in achieving business goals, especially in industrial organizations, but the implementation of social responsibility requirements is an especially ethical issue. Due to the existence of various standards (often industry-specific) as well as individual codes of conduct developed by large multinational organizations, supplier organizations must face a variety of requirements. The question, then, is to what extent their established management systems (MSs) meet these requirements. The objectives of the study were to: (1) analyze the different CSR requirements of internationally recognized cross-industry and industry-specific standards and codes in different industries; (2) select the most appropriate framework and develop a methodology for assessing the degree of applicability of CSR in the selected management systems; (3) apply the proposed methodology (the so-called Social Requirements Applicability in Management Systems—SRIMS) in the selected areas: automotive industry, research organization, and metallurgical industry; and (4) analyze the results of SRIMS by the application of the ANOVA and Bonferroni method and define clusters within the selected factors—“Organization”, “Standard”, and “Chapter” and determine differences between pairs within each factor. The application of the Bonferroni method confirmed the hypotheses that the developed SRIMS model is an appropriate tool for assessing the overall level of applicability of CSR requirements in established MSs.

Acute Stress in Health Workers in Colombia 2017-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Analyze the presence of acute stress response after adverse events in human talent in Colombian health institutions from 2017 to 2021. Methods: Cross-sectional study of prevalence, carried out on 838 members of the human talent in health (professionals, technicians, technologists, and auxiliaries) of Colombian health institutions in the study period with the application of the EASE instrument. Univariate analysis using descriptive statistical techniques, chi-square and Student's t-test, and bivariate analysis with a Poisson regression model using the institucional SPSS v. 26. Results: The prevalence of adverse events in the last 5years was 33.8%, presenting levels of acute stress qualifying as Medium-high emotional overload at 21.91%, while extreme acute stress was at 3.53%. The prevalence of risk for presenting acute stress after being involved in an adverse event was PR: 1.30 (CI: 1.24-1.36). Conclusion: Acute stress in human talent after adverse events is limiting health and care capacity and must be efficiently addressed by health institutions. Psychosocial risk is linked within the framework of the patient safety program and the institutional occupational health and safety management systems.

Ethereum Smart Contract Deployment for a Real Estate Management System (REMS) Implemented in Blockchain

The real industry is crucial sector of the world wide financial system, with significant economic, social and environmental implications. However, real estate transactions are often slow, complex and costly and can be prone to fraud errors, which can lead to significant financial losses and legal disputes. This paper proposes the adoption of blockchain technology in real estate cadastral systems as a solution to the challenges encountered in managing property ownership and transactions. We have described the implementation of our prototype called REMS (Real Estate Management System) and we have presented the deployment of smart contracts in Ethereum platform. Based on measurement, benchmarks and other observation of the system, we have evaluated the server usage of the blockchain network and decided whether Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) should be involved or not in our system. The study results demonstrate the successful implementation of a real estate management system (REMS) using blockchain technology and Ethereum's smart contracts. This study is important because it confirms that similar solutions can be implemented in other areas of public administration, where the structure of the work is similar, i.e. where we deal with issuing documents to citizens.

Classifying Colonial Objects in Museum Collections with Machine Learning and Historical Knowledge

Many natural history collections and museums in Europe were established in the late 18th and early 19th century. Their development is inseparably linked to colonial expansion and significant parts of their collections are of colonial origin. The Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN) preserves a large natural history collection comprising zoological, paleontological, mineralogical, geological, and botanical objects as well as an institutional archive and a library. Especially in the period from 1884 to 1919, when the German Reich had colonies in Africa, the Pacific and China, the Zoological Museum of today's MfN played a prominent role in imperial politics. By a decision of the Federal Council in 1889 (Bundesratsbeschluss) and an addendum to this resolution in 1891, the museum received all zoological objects from expeditions financed by the state as well as the materials collected by colonial officials (Anonymous 1890,Kaiser 2023). The disclosure and digital transformation of museum collections worldwide will significantly improve digital access for all stakeholders. Opening up the (digital) collections is also considered crucial for the role of museums in mobilising participation and societal change. However, the mere size of the MfN collection, estimated to comprise approximately 30 million objects, poses additional challenges. How can we identify the objects from colonial contexts among these millions and how do we tag them? A recent project, "Colonial Provences of Nature",*1 led by historians at MfN, designed a decision tree to identify collection objects from the colonial past in which relevant categories of information and critical metadata were determined to confirm a colonial acquisition context (Kaiser et al. 2023). In this talk we will present our approach and preliminary results towards automatisation of the decision-making process in the mammals collection at MfN. This subcollection offers a suitable case study for testing how machine learning algorithms and historical knowledge can be used to classify colonial items based on their geographical provenance and acquisition time. Several specimens were indeed acquired during German colonial rule in Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 1880s and the end of World War I. The metadata associated with these objects are available in the institutional collection management system and they can be extracted and cleaned to generate a dataset for training and testing decision trees (Alpaydin 2020). The research of suitable classifying algorithms has a dual scope. The first is to compare the algorithmic decision boundaries with the rule-based decision tree drawn by the MfN historians interested in identifying and tagging collection objects from colonial contexts. The second aim is to develop automated procedures for labelling objects in the museum collections as colonial/non-colonial and add this information to the standard taxonomic metadata raising awareness on the complex political history of the specimens available at MfN.

Procedural applications of total quality management in university education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic

The current study aimed to establish the basic infrastructure to facilitate the implementation of the procedural applications of total quality management, through the introduction of a fully functional total quality management unit in colleges and scientific departments, in line with internationally recognized standards, by meeting ISO 21001: standards for the requirements of the management system of educational institutions 2018 in light of the coronavirus crisis. A questionnaire was printed including all applications and 40 actions distributed to three categories of volunteers: undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty members at the university. The current study involved the calculation of several key metrics, including the average number of volunteers, the average level of satisfaction across all choices, and the proportion of overall satisfaction attributable to the mean values observed across all groups. The results indicate a relatively low rating of 15 and a satisfaction level of 25.125 among the sample of undergraduates who participated in the study. In the context of postgraduate education, the scale reached a numerical value of 12.1, resulting in a satisfaction rate of 48.4. The responses or alternatives provided by respected faculty members at the university indicated a high level of confidence and clarity. The results indicate that a large percentage of the respondents 62.322 expressed their satisfaction unequivocally in the categorical response of “exactly yes” with a similar frequency of 8.725. The rationale behind their selection can be attributed to various factors, such as their proximity to the deanship, their great experience in university work, their active participation in decision-making processes, and the limited impact of the Corona pandemic. The satisfaction rate of university professors reached 80.57% overall. The graduate student group ranked second, peaking at 70.56%. In contrast, the statistical figures related to undergraduate students were relatively lower, as they ranked third with a rate of 55.21%.

Construction of Decision Making Advisory Service System in China: Reflections on the Contemporary Era

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has proposed that Jiangsu should ‘explore the way for the development of the whole country’. Therefore, Jiangsu has naturally become a testing ground and demonstration site for accelerating the construction of an innovative country. This paper takes the construction of a decision-making advisory system in Jiangsu Province, China, as an example. By examining the current situation and problems of the construction of a decision-making advisory system for electricity and energy in Jiangsu Province, it examines the internal logic of optimising the management system and mechanism of decision-making institutions and the scientific and democratic decision-making of the government for the construction of an innovative country. This is of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding the development of decision-making advisory research in the country.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

The subject of the study is the principles of compliance with the mandatory requirements for the implementation of educational programs of higher education in terms of the internal quality assessment system (IQAS). The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of the current status of the requirements for IQAS in higher education programs on public legal relations in the field of education and the growth of the quality of education in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the presented topic is determined by the importance of social relations arising in the framework of control and supervisory actions. The author's special contribution is the study of short stories that have recently come into force and have not yet been fully analyzed in the research literature. The novelty of the study lies in the application of interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the subject, in combining the results of the analysis of legal acts with an assessment of the impact of law enforcement practice on the management system of educational institutions of higher education and new opportunities to improve the quality of the implementation of educational programs. It is concluded that taking into account the full range of requirements for IQAS allows not only to optimize risk management in terms of the consequences of non-compliance with mandatory requirements, but also provides support for building a quality management system as a driver for the development of educational programs.

Implementation of Information and Communication Technology in Management Learning System During the Covid 19 Pandemic

This study examines the use of information technology in the management system of Indonesian higher education institutions. This could have been more optimal and evenly distributed in terms of hardware and management. This study is an international journal study. Input resource findings include visualizers/document cameras, computers, whiteboards, student-ready systems, and application programs. Output resources include projectors, interactive whiteboards, and displays. monitor, television, etc. Finally, other ICT devices include digital cameras, switchers, digital recorders, and other innovations. In short, inequalities in the infrastructure supporting the application of this technology in education and the need for better preparedness of human resources for the use of information and communication technologies in learning.